For gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other methods of therapy are used - traditional methods of treatment, diet.What can you eat while on a stomach gastritis diet to get the effect of this treatment?
General information about diets for gastritis
The treatment of gastritis is usually complex and includes, in addition to drug therapy, various diets.Diet for gastritis means a lot, as dry food, quick snacks (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, very cold or hot food and large amounts of seasonings can cause gastritis to worsen.
The gastroenterologist prescribes diet and drug treatment for gastritis according to the type of disease, the worrying symptoms and the causes that led to the onset of the disease.Patients may be bothered by pain, a feeling of heaviness and burning in the epigastrium, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, a feeling of hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite and indigestion.
The diet for gastritis, especially in the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the patient's exacerbation (crisis);Furthermore, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of foods from your diet:
- any broths;
- animal fats;
- fried and spicy foods;
- smoked meats, any snacks;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to difficult digestibility);
- some types of cereals - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh fruits;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and seasonings - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, undiluted and carbonated sour fruit juices.
During an exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition promotes remission of the disease, therefore, foods that strongly affect secretion and act as irritants are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate mucous membranes
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- abundant table;
- consumption of cartilage, fibrous meat, poultry skin;
- consumption of a significant amount of coarse fiber, found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, gooseberries and bran bread.
Fried foods have a maximum mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is exerted by dishes prepared in the oven or in a bain-marie.
Chemical irritation is caused by products from the following list:
- broths, decoctions of vegetables and mushrooms;
- various spices;
- canned food;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled and pickled vegetables;
- boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- rye bread, cakes, pastries made from butter dough - pies, pastries, pies, cookies;
- fermented dairy products;
- green sour fruits;
- some types of raw vegetables - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract is indicated by the presence of extractives, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold foods - dishes with temperatures below 15° and above 57-62°C are irritating, and cold meals eaten on an empty stomach increase intestinal motility.The most acceptable temperature for food is around 37-38°C.
The diet is selected depending on its qualitative composition, the method of culinary processing of products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking) and the degree of grinding.
Gentle diet and fasting
A gentle diet, in addition to eliminating irritants, provides fractional meals, which facilitates the digestion and absorption of food.It is better to eat pureed, hot, not harsh dishes with a juice effect - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes it is considered advisable to fast, as the very consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With abstinence from food for a short period, the acidity of the stomach decreases, the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis also decrease.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during an exacerbation of the disease, when a complete refusal to eat alternates with the consumption of light food.With this eating schedule, toxins and waste leave the body more quickly.But there are contraindications to fasting - it is not used for severe weight loss, anorexia, during childbirth and is not used for children.
Fasting should not begin immediately with a complete refusal of food.First, they switch to light foods (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on a light diet, and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be of two options: in the first option (dry fasting) it is prohibited to drink water, the second option allows you to drink still mineral water or simply boiled water.On the second day you can drink weak tea, which lasts for 4-5 days.The way out of the hunger strike begins with the consumption of rice water and wheat crackers.Then they start eating liquid boiled oatmeal, rice and semolina porridge, which are made with water or a little milk.It is good to eat mucous soups or cereal infusions with soups during the day.The consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is excluded.
separate food
Nutritional options when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins and carbohydrates are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be consumed with green, starchy vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, cereals.Confectionery products (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all foods to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
By adhering to the principles of separate nutrition, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body and reduce weight.Properly combined foods are absorbed faster, do not cause fermentation, and no toxic substances are formed in the blood.
Food exit speed
To facilitate the digestion and elimination of food from the body, it is not recommended to consume liquid and solid foods simultaneously.Liquid and pasty foods leave the stomach faster than solid foods, which is why it is recommended during diets to increase the speed at which food passes.
Prunes and raisins remain in the stomach for a long time;If gastritis worsens, it is not recommended to consume them during the first few months.
It also affects the speed of movement of food and its type - proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats remain longer.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they increase the time food remains in the stomach, as fats are difficult to break down - the longer food remains in the stomach, the stronger the release of hydrochloric acid.During an exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
Purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet No. 4 is prescribed;if there are symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis, diet No. 5 is prescribed (with the exception of whole milk and a decrease in fresh fruits and vegetables).The duration of the diet is also selected individually.A strict diet, prescribed in the acute phase, is maintained for 1-2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
The prescribed diets also depend on the form and type of evolution of the disease.In case of acute and erosive (ulcerative) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;during the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.For any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal gastritis, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
In gastritis, the goal is to restore the normal activity of the stomach, regenerate the affected areas of the mucosa, normalize acidity and the activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat on the first day;you can drink tea and still mineral water.From the 2nd day you can eat by introducing into the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), boiled eggs, jelly.A strict diet is required during the exacerbation period;as symptoms subside, the diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to consume more foods that help in the secretion of hydrochloric acid;with high acidity, vice versa.
| Calms the stomach | They act annoying |
| Still drinking mineral water, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| Porridge | Savory dishes |
| Lean meat and well-cooked fish | All fried, pickled and smoked dishes |
| Vegetable puree (potatoes, rutabaga, carrots, cauliflower) | Strong and rich broths |
| Cottage cheese | Canned foods, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| Sugar | Eggs (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet No. 2 is prescribed. The food should have a varied composition;The diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which in these patients is reduced.
Allowed and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| Allowed | Prohibited |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Stewed, stewed, baked vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Pastry products |
| Hard-boiled eggs, cheese (mild), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Stale rye bread | Savory and spicy dishes |
| Loose porridge with water or a little milk | Milk |
Due to the fact that patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and as a casserole or pudding.
Features of the diet for hypoacid gastritis
Feeding should occur at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2 to 3 months after the acute period.It is good to complement the diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of an exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the purpose of which is to reduce the exacerbation.After that, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The prescribed diet for low acidity is diet #2.
Table of permitted and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Allowed | Prohibited |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried foods, baked foods |
| Lean fish, fish soup | Alcoholic drinks |
| Meat broths, soups - vegetables, fruits, peas | Salty and spicy dishes and seasonings (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, salads from beets, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and sorrel) | Mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecakes, diluted cream, a little butter, soft cheese, steam omelets, boiled eggs | Rough, sticky and fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (excluding grape juice), compotes, rosehip decoction, black currant berries | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, peppers, rutabaga, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, plums, raisins |
| White biscuits, dry biscuits | Fresh bread, pastry |
| Porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jellied meat | Milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and fruit puree;jam, jam, jelly | Legumes, cereals – pearl barley, millet, barley, millet |
| Noodle | Okrochka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20 to 30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing inflammation, you can gradually begin to stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger meat broths, sometimes serve a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with grainy caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, half an hour before meals, you should drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups).
It is allowed to eat fried foods, but without breading.It's good to start taking bitter herbs - to increase appetite and taste sensations.Drinking kumiss is good for secretion;drinking kvass is not harmful, but do not get carried away because it enhances the gas formation processes.You can also drink coffee, but no more than 1 cup per day.
Additionally, the diet is expanded and it is allowed to consume cocoa, kefir and strong tea.If you feel good, the diet expands after a few months - you can eat almost anything, but you should not overuse salt, spices, cabbage and grapes.Hot dishes must be present at breakfast and lunch.
Approximate menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- breakfast– weak tea with milk and oats;
- second breakfast– apple (baked);
- lunch- compote, steamed meat cutlet with a side dish of buckwheat porridge, broth with meatballs;
- to have lunch– vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- before bed:a glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis, you need to eat at certain times, in small portions, 5 to 6 times a day.It is important to chew food well - crushed food does not harm the mucous membrane and, during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are produced, which help in the digestion of food.All dishes must be minimally seasoned and salted.
In the first weeks the diet is almost the same as the low acidity diet.The difference is that in gastritis with high acidity it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize high acidity.
If milk provokes bloating or diarrhea, it can be diluted - drunk and added to tea.If this does not help, it will be replaced with slimy soups.
All foods must be pureed, hot and chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods are added that have little effect on the synthesis of gastric juice.The principle of fractional meals is also preserved.The diet should be rich in proteins to restore stomach cells.
For hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (it is good for losing weight).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, then - diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| Allowed | Prohibited |
| Lean boiled meat: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes made from them, boiled in water or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, soufflé | Spicy, smoked and fried dishes (or baked with a crust - grilled), sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish - hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish broths |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables - peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberries, raspberries, apples) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juice |
| Porridges that boil well in water - semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomato, garlic, onion, turnip, radish, pepper, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cream cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steam omelets, boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casseroles made from it | Vegetables, chocolate |
| Viscous soups with the addition of cereal puree, milk porridge puree from various cereals (except corn) | Marinades, pickles, seasonings, salt |
| White Bread Cookies | Fermented dairy products |
| Sugar, baby | Coffee, alcoholic drinks |
| Rosehip decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
An hour before meals, it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass).
Oven-dried biscuits can replace fresh black bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to dishes to speed up the healing process of mucosal lesions that occur in this type of gastritis.
Menu for exacerbation:
- breakfast - steam omelet, pureed milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk with cookies;
- lunch - mashed potato and carrot mix soup, steamed beef cutlets with a side dish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beetroot puree, tea with milk;
- in the evening - a glass of milk.
food recipes
To make cooking easier, they create an approximate menu of dietary dishes for the week, taking into account the permitted foods.It is very convenient and complies with the rules of a gentle cooking method when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbations and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.More often, these are cereal soups prepared with milk diluted with water (1:1).Puree soups are prepared with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, then everything is turned into puree and a little oil is added.
To prepare the main dishes, it is preferable to use cooking (steaming or in a bain-marie).This is how omelets, puddings, sauces, etc. are prepared.The meat is boiled in small pieces (to remove the extractives), then the broth is drained and the meat is cooked in new water.
Examples of recipes for foods allowed during diets:
First courses
Creamy Pumpkin Soup with Dill
Boil the zucchini and potatoes and puree in a blender.Bring to the desired structure with vegetable broth, salt, add sour cream and chopped dill.
Slimy rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
The boiled chicken fillet is ground in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, salted a little and brought to a boil.Cool the soup to 70°C, add the egg-cream mixture and blend.
Second courses:
Turkey cutlets
The minced turkey is salted, butter and wheat bread soaked in milk are added to it.Form cutlets and steam them.
Delicious dietary desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook rice porridge, add grated apples, yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the pre-beaten egg whites.Place in molds and steam for at least half an hour.The finished pudding is served with fruit jelly.
Curd soufflé
Beat the cottage cheese, egg yolks, semolina, milk and cream.The beaten egg whites are added to the mixture and mixed gently.The resulting mass in the form is steamed.